Many elements go into building a successful medical practice. First is assembling a team of exceptional physicians with complementary talents and a shared vision and practice philosophy. But no matter how in sync the doctors who form a medical partnership may be at the outset, there is no guarantee they will remain on the same page. Differences of opinion on issues big and small can poison the partners’ relationship and result in costly litigation that poses an existential threat to the practice’s ongoing viability.
Minimizing the chances of such destructive disputes – and having clear mechanisms for resolving them – can be the key to an enduring and rewarding practice. Those are but two of the many purposes and benefits of a comprehensive and well-crafted medical partnership agreement. This foundational document outlines and governs the relationship between the physician-partners, clarifies their respective rights, roles, and responsibilities, and fills in many blanks that could otherwise create confusion or lead to disputes.
Physicians forming a medical partnership should work with experienced counsel at the outset of their professional endeavor to prepare a partnership agreement that proactively addresses all the critical issues likely to arise during the course of the partnership. Some of the essential provisions of a medical partnership agreement include, but are not limited to:
Establishing the Partnership’s Structure and Purpose
The agreement should clearly outline the legal structure of the entity being formed, whether it is a general partnership, limited partnership, or another legal entity. Additionally, it should articulate the purpose of the partnership and specify the medical services it aims to provide and the scope of its business activities.
Defining Partners’ Roles and Responsibilities
Clear delineation of the scope and limits of each partner’s responsibilities and obligations can keep physicians from stepping on each other’s toes – or bruising each other’s egos. This section should outline each partner’s specific duties, including clinical responsibilities, administrative tasks, and any specializations or areas of focus.
Financial Arrangements
As with all businesses, disputes and litigation between medical partners often revolve around financial matters, making provisions that address contributions and liabilities among the most critical elements of a partnership agreement. This includes details about each partner’s initial capital contributions, profit and loss allocation, and mechanisms for resolving financial disputes. The agreement should also address how expenses will be shared, whether a salary structure is used, and how the partners will handle financial decisions, such as investments in new equipment and facilities or mergers and acquisitions of other practices.
Decision-Making Processes
A clearly defined decision-making framework is essential to ensure a smooth operational workflow. A medical partnership agreement should specify who has the authority to make decisions, what decisions they are empowered to make, and how and when they can delegate decision-making authority. The agreement may also stipulate that certain, more significant management decisions require the approval of all or the majority of the partners.
Admission of New Physician-Partners
The agreement should detail the procedures and eligibility criteria for admitting new physician-partners to the practice. Such provisions may include establishing a minimum capital contribution before a new physician joins the partnership and requiring representations by the prospective partner as to their licensure status and history, claims and malpractice suits, and other professional matters. The document should also address any voting mechanisms or thresholds required for admitting new partners. Similarly, it should outline the circumstances under which a partner may withdraw from the partnership, whether due to retirement, disability, or other reasons. This ensures a transparent and fair process for changes in the partnership’s composition.
Dispute and Deadlock Resolution Mechanisms
While litigation is sometimes necessary or inevitable, it is rarely the optimal way to resolve disputes between business partners. Establishing alternative mechanisms for addressing conflicts or deadlocks when they arise can spare the partners and their practice from the inherent costs and disruption associated with lawsuits.
Mandatory mediation or arbitration (either binding or non-binding) provisions can facilitate early resolutions and minimize acrimony between partners. Similarly, the document should include mechanisms for resolving deadlocks.
Termination and Dissolution of Partnership
In the unfortunate event the medical partnership needs to be dissolved, the agreement should outline the procedures for doing so. This includes addressing issues such as the distribution of assets and liabilities and handling ongoing patient care. Having a well-defined process for termination and dissolution helps minimize disruptions and ensures an orderly winding down of the practice.
Insurance and Liability
Outlining the insurance requirements for the partnership and its individual members is crucial. This includes malpractice insurance, general liability coverage, and any other relevant policies. Clearly defined provisions regarding the allocation of liability among partners contribute to a secure and stable working environment.
A well-crafted medical partnership agreement is essential for the success and sustainability of a collaborative healthcare practice. While no document can guarantee a medical partnership will survive in perpetuity, a medical partnership agreement can go a long way toward minimizing the chance of litigation and maximizing the potential for a long and lucrative professional relationship.
If you are considering entering a partnership with one or more of your fellow physicians, you should work with an attorney who has specific experience with physicians and small medical practices. If you need assistance preparing a partnership agreement or if you are currently involved in a dispute with your physician-partners, please contact one of the attorneys in Ansell Grimm & Aaron’s Corporate or Litigation practice groups.
